Carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers: A comprehensive review
Abstract
Deep saline aquifers are widely regarded as the most promising media for large-scale CO₂ storage due to their extensive distribution and enormous capacity. However, existing studies have largely focused on individual trapping mechanisms or static assessments, leaving a gap in systematic integration of multi-mechanism coupled evolution and intelligent synergistic storage pathways. This work provides a comprehensive review covering four core dimensions: Storage mechanisms, storage conditions, storage potential assessment methods, and key emerging technologies. The findings indicate that CO₂ storage involves synergistic evolution of structural, residual, dissolution, and mineral trapping, with efficiency critically governed by caprock sealing integrity and coupled wettability-salinity-temperature effects. For storage potential, this study summarizes various methods for calculating the potential of multiple storage mechanisms. Regarding technologies, the dual functions of microbially induced carbonate precipitation in leakage sealing and mineralization enhancement are reviewed, alongside microfluidics and artificial intelligence for pore-scale characterization and real-time monitoring. Drawing on global projects, this study analyzes challenges including high costs, leakage risks, and induced seismicity, and establishes an integrated framework combining offshore storage, microbially induced carbonate precipitation biomineralization, and artificial intelligent monitoring. This framework signifies a paradigm shift from passive geological containment toward bio-intelligent active regulation, offering a systematic pathway for large-scale, intelligent carbon storage in saline aquifers.
Document Type: Invited Review
Cited as: Yu, H., Hu, C., Quaye, J. A., He, H., Li, H. Carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers: A comprehensive review. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2026, 22(1): 26-42. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2026.10.03
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2026.10.03Keywords:
Saline aquifer, geological CO₂ storage , coupled effects, storage potential, storage mechanismsReferences
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Copyright (c) 2026 Huan Yu, Chenlin Hu, Jonathan A. Quaye, Huaxing He, Hang Li
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